Wheat Crop

Wheat Crops Nutrients Deficiency Symptoms

Primary Nutrients

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Nitrogen Deficiency Symptoms

Adequate N produces a dark green color in leaves, caused by a high level of chlorophyll. As a mobile nutrient in plants, deficiency symptoms appear first on older leaves as light green to yellow foliage, and then develop on younger plant parts as the conditions becomes more serve. Other symptoms include: stunted, spindly plants, less tillering in small grains, low protein content ... in seed and vegetative parts, fewer leaves. Nitrogen deficient plants will mature early, with significantly reduced yield and quality.

Nitrogen deficient small crop with light green upper (young) leaves and yellow older leaves.

Pale green youngest leaves, yellow middle leaves, and brown older leaves.

Deficiency a result of skipped application of swine manure.

Plot showing yellowing in treatment that received 25 kg N/ha whereas healthy green plants in plots that received 100 kg N/ha. Lab analysis showed an N content of 0.45% in the low N treatment and 3.4% in the high N treatment.

Comparison of deficient versus normal wheat at grain filling stage.

Close up of wheat plants showing N deficiency - younger leaves yellowing

In a sorghum-wheat crop sequence, without manure or fertilizers over a 28-year period, a 30-day-old wheat crop is suffering from nitrogen deficiency. This was demonstrated by stunted growth and light green to pale yellow coloration of older leaves.

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Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms

Wheat Crop

One of the most common K deficiency symptoms is scorching or firing along leaf margins. Since K is mobile in the plant, deficiency symptoms appear on older leaves first. Potassium-deficient plants grow slowly and develop poor root systems. Stalks are weak and lodging is common. Seed and fruit are small and shriveled; crops show lower resistance to disease and moisture stress. Plants deficient in K are sensitive to disease infestation, and have poor fruit yield and quality.

Winter wheat crop followed long-term alfalfa with little fertilizer application. Problems with starter fertilizer application are apparent from the poor growth. The P soil test in the effected rows was 3 ppm, while in rows growing normally it was 13 ppm

Phosphorus deficient wheat plant showing stunted growth and purplish discolouration on old leaves

Dark purple discolouration on the leaf tips, advancing down the leaf in a broad front.

Recommended blanket NPK was added to one plant (bottom leaf) where as only NK was added to the other (top), which expressed the P deficiency symptom of accumulation of anthocyanin pigment. Soil P = 5.9 mg/kg of loamy-sand soil.

Wheat a few days before physiological maturity (right). P-deficient wheat on the left with delayed maturity.

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Potassium Deficiency Symptoms

Wheat Crop

The first sign of a P shortage is an overall stunted plant. Leaf shapes may be distorted and tissue may be dark green in color. With severe deficiency, dead areas may develop on leaves, fruit, and stems. Older leaves are affected before younger ones because of the redistribution of P in the plant. Some plants, such as corn, may display a purple or reddish color on the lower leaves and stems. This condition is associated with accumulation of sugars in P-deficient plants, especially during times of low temperature.